CLENCHED HANDS

ETIOLOGY

1. Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
2. Neu-Laxova syndrome.
3. Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome.
4. Pena Shokeir syndrome.
5. Arthrogryposis.
6. Freeman-Sheldon syndrome.
7. Chromosomal abnormalities:
• Trisomy 9.
• Trisomy 13.
• Trisomy 18.

HAND ABNORMALITIES IN TRISOMY 18

	Clenched hand – normal fetus
Trisomy 18 – clenched hand with overlapping digits
		The classical hand abnormalities in trisomy 18 are: Clenched hand (usually both hands are persistently clenched). With or without overlapping of the middle finger by the index finger. With or without overlapping of the fourth finger by the fifth finger.
Fixed flexion deformity at the elbow

REFERENCES

1. Twining P, Zuccollo J. The ultrasound markers of chromosome disease: A retrospective study. Br J Radiol 1993;66:408-414.
2. Nyberg DA, Kramer D, Resta RG et.al. Prenatal sonographic findings of trisomy 18. J Ultrasound Med 1993;2:103-113.
3. Nicolaides KH, Snijders RJ, Godsden CM et.al. Ultrasonographically detectable markers of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Lancet 1992;340:704-707.