The Fetal Heart

The Fetal Heart and Great Vessels
The Normal Heart	Pulmonary Veins
The Abnormal Four Chamber View	Cardiomegaly / Cardiomyopathy
Septal Defects (ASD, VSD, AVSD)	Peri-, Endo-, and Myocardium
The Abnormal Interventricular Septum	Coronary Artery and Sinus
Outflow Tract Abnormalities	Arrhythmias
The Abnormal Three Vessel View	Cardiosplenic Syndromes
Cardiac Chambers	Cardiac Tumors
Conotruncal Malformations	Assessment of Cardiac Function
Intracardiac Valvular Lesions	Ectopia Cordis / Pentalogy of Cantrell
Atrioventricular Connections	Azygous Vein – Normal and Abnormal
Ventriculoarterial Connections	Chromosomal anomalies and risk of CHD
Foramen Ovale	Risk Tables for Congenital Heart Disease
Echogenic Intracardiac Foci	Nuchal translucency screening and cardiac malformations
Video images of the normal and abnormal heart

ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography

Indications for Fetal Echocardiography	Class
1. Abnormal-appearing heart on general fetal ultrasound examination.	I
2. Fetal tachycardia, bradycardia, or persistent irregular rhythm on clinical or screening ultrasound examination.	I
3. Maternal/family risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as a parent, sibling, or first- degree relative with congenital heart disease.	I
4. Maternal diabetes.	I
5. Maternal systemic lupus erythematosus.	I
6. Teratogen exposure during a vulnerable period.	I
7. Other fetal system abnormalities (including chromosomal).	I
8. Performance of transplacental therapy or presence of a history of significant but intermittent arrhythmia. Reevaluation examinations are required in these conditions.	I
9. Fetal distress or dysfunction of unclear etiology.	IIa
10. Previous history of multiple fetal losses.	IIb
11. Multiple gestation.	IIb
12. Low-risk pregnancies with normal anatomic findings on ultrasound examination.	III
13. Occasional premature contractions without sustained tachycardia or signs of dysfunction or distress.	III
14. Presence of a noncardiovascular system abnormality when evaluation of the cardiovascular system will not alter either management decisions or fetal outcome.