Ultrasound of Cleft Lip and Palate
Type	Chromosomal Anomalies / Mortality
Type 1 - Unilateral. - Best seen on coronal images of the upper lip. - Midline sagittal views normal. - Involve the superficial tissues.	O% / 20%
Type 2 - Unilateral. - Best seen on coronal images of the upper lip. - Clefts extend deeper into the face with distortion or disruption of bony structures.	20% / 33%
Type 3 - Premaxillary protrusion (paranasal echogenic mass). - The protrusion is usually more prominent than the adjacent clefts. - Seen on coronal, transverse and sagittal images.	30% / 50%
Type 4 - Large midline cleft lip and palate. - Hypoplastic midface (flattened nose and maxilla on coronal, transverse, and/or sagittal views of the face.	52% / 100%
Type 5 - Amniotic band syndrome or limb-body wall complex.	0% / 100%

Type 1 Cleft lip
Cleft lip and palate
Cleft lip and palate
	3D - Unilateral cleft lip
Type 2 – Cleft lip and palate
	3D images
Type 3 – Cleft lip and palate
	Bilateral cleft lip with pre-maxillary protrusion
Type 4
Midface hypoplasia
Type 5

False positive cleft lip Normal indentation on upper lip - philtrum
False positive cleft of upper lip Sagittal view of the facial profile is slightly rotated giving the impression of a prominent upper lip and premaxillary protrusion. The normal upper lip and maxillae can be demonstrated on a true sagittal view.
False positive cleft lip · Artifactual line across the upper lip disappears on changing transducer orientation.
Cleft Lip and Palate
Fetus with mouth open demonstrates a defect which is part of the open mouth. The lower two images demonstrates normal upper and lower lips.
Cleft of upper lip

REFERENCES

1. Nyberg DA, Sickler GK, Hegge FN et.al. Fetal cleft lip with and without cleft palate: US classification and correlation with outcome. Radiology 1995;195:677-684.