ABNORMALITIES OF THE FETAL INSERTION

OF THE UMBILICAL CORD

• Umbilical Cord Hernia ("small omphalocele", "transient omphalocele").
• Bowel herniation into the base of a normally inserted umbilical cord through a normal but patent umbilical ring.
• Omphalocele.
• Herniation of bowel, liver, spleen and gallbladder through a large umbilical defect covered by the amniotic membrane.
• Gastroschisis.
• Herniation of bowel through a right paramedian defect with a normally inserted umbilical cord.
• Patent urachus with cystic dilatation of the fetal end of the umbilical cord.
• Table comparing “physiological” cord hernia, omphalocele and gastroschisis.