Nuchal Translucency (NT)

The normal fetal neck

Sonographic approach to increased NT

Technique for measuring the NT

Mechanisms of increased NT thickness.

Normal NT values

NT thickness and chromosomal aneuploidy

Combined integrated screening – NT measurement and serum markers

Detection rates of chromosomal aneuploidy

Calculation of risk, sensitivity and false positive rates of a fetal anomaly

NT thickening and the chromosomally normal fetus

Ductus venosus A wave and NT

NT and twin pregnancies

 

NT and cardiac anomalies in the euploid fetus

 

NT and genetic syndromes

 

NT and structural fetal anomalies

 

NT and skeletal anomalies

 

NT and the nasal bone

 

Absent nasal bone and Fragile X Syndrome

Conclusions

 

Biochemical markers in nuchal translucency screening

 

 

 

 

REFERENCES

  1. Panyada PP, Altman DG, Brizot ML et.al. Repeatability of measurements of fetal nuchal thickness. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1995;5:334-337.
  2. Ville Y, Lalondelle C, Doumerc S et al: First-trimester diagnosis of nuchal anomalies: significance and fetal outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1992;2:314-316.
  3. Nicolaides KH, Azor G, Byrne D et.al. Fetal nuchal translucency: ultrasound screening for chromosomal defects in the first trimester of pregnancy. Br Med J 1992;304:867-869
  4. Pandya PP, Kondylios L, Hilbert L et.al. Chromosomal defects and outcome in 1015 fetuses with increased nuchal translucency. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1995;5:15-19
  5. Suchet IB. Ultrasonography of the fetal neck in the first and second trimesters. Part 2. Anomalies of the posterior nuchal region. Can Assoc Radiol J 1995; 46:344-352
  6. Bromley B, Benacerraf BR. The resolving nuchal fold in the second trimester fetuses: Not necessarily reassuring. J Ultrasound Med 1995;14:253-255.